Exodus 21
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Case by Case

The thunder stops and the drafting begins. The text switches form entirely — no more thou shalt not, but if a man does X, then Y, the case-law style used in every legal collection of the ancient Near East. The topics are the same too: debt-slavery, assault, the ox that gores. What differs is how penalties are assigned. Hammurabi grades an eye and a tooth by the victim’s class; Exodus states the same formula and grades nothing.

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Scripture text: KJV (1611) · WEB (2020) · ASV (1901) · YLT (1862) — public domain in the United States.

Archaeology summaries written from cited sources. See About & Method.

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