← All chapters Exodus 1

The King Who Knew Not Joseph

Joseph is dead, and so is the generation that remembered him. His family has become a people — and a new king reads their growth as a threat. Exodus opens by turning the creation blessing into a national emergency: the same verbs God used to bless humanity in Genesis now describe a population an anxious throne wants controlled. What follows is forced labor in the Delta brickyards, then a decree of infanticide, then the first act of civil disobedience recorded in the Bible — carried out by two midwives whose names the text preserves while never once naming the Pharaoh they defy.

1Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob.

2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

4Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

5And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already.

6And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.

7And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.

8Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph.

9And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:

10Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land.

11Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.

12But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.

13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour:

14And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

15And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

16And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

17But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

18And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

19And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.

20Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

21And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses.

22And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

1Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):

2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

5All the souls who came out of Jacob's body were seventy souls, and Joseph was in Egypt already.

6Joseph died, as did all his brothers, and all that generation.

7The children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them.

8Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who didn't know Joseph.

9He said to his people, "Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we.

10Come, let's deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it happen that when any war breaks out, they also join themselves to our enemies and fight against us, and escape out of the land."

11Therefore they set taskmasters over them to afflict them with their burdens. They built storage cities for Pharaoh: Pithom and Raamses.

12But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread out. They started to dread the children of Israel.

13The Egyptians ruthlessly made the children of Israel serve,

14and they made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.

15The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah,

16and he said, "When you perform the duty of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them on the birth stool, if it is a son, then you shall kill him; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live."

17But the midwives feared God, and didn't do what the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the baby boys alive.

18The king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said to them, "Why have you done this thing and saved the boys alive?"

19The midwives said to Pharaoh, "Because the Hebrew women aren't like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them."

20God dealt well with the midwives, and the people multiplied, and grew very mighty.

21Because the midwives feared God, he gave them families.

22Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, "You shall cast every son who is born into the river, and every daughter you shall save alive."

1Now these are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt (every man and his household came with Jacob):

2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

4Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher.

5And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: and Joseph was in Egypt already.

6And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.

7And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.

8Now there arose a new king over Egypt, who knew not Joseph.

9And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:

10come, let us deal wisely with them, lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they also join themselves unto our enemies, and fight against us, and get them up out of the land.

11Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh store-cities, Pithom and Raamses.

12But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and the more they spread abroad. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.

13And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor:

14and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor.

15And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of whom the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

16and he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the birth-stool; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him; but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

17But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men-children alive.

18And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men-children alive?

19And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwife come unto them.

20And God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

21And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them households.

22And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

1And these are the names of the sons of Israel who are coming into Egypt with Jacob; a man and his household have they come;

2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

4Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

5And all the persons coming out of the thigh of Jacob are seventy persons; as to Joseph, he was in Egypt.

6And Joseph dieth, and all his brethren, and all that generation;

7and the sons of Israel have been fruitful, and they teem, and multiply, and are very very mighty, and the land is filled with them.

8And there riseth a new king over Egypt, who hath not known Joseph,

9and he saith unto his people, `Lo, the people of the sons of Israel is more numerous and mighty than we;

10give help! let us act wisely concerning it, lest it multiply, and it hath come to pass, when war happeneth, that it hath been joined, even it, unto those hating us, and hath fought against us, and hath gone out up of the land.'

11And they set over it princes of tribute, so as to afflict it with their burdens, and it buildeth store-cities for Pharaoh, Pithom and Raamses;

12and as they afflict it, so it multiplieth, and so it breaketh forth, and they are vexed because of the sons of Israel;

13and the Egyptians cause the sons of Israel to serve with rigour,

14and make their lives bitter in hard service, in clay, and in brick, and in every kind of service in the field; all their service in which they have served is with rigour.

15And the king of Egypt speaketh to the midwives, the Hebrewesses, (of whom the name of the one is Shiphrah, and the name of the second Puah),

16and saith, `When ye cause the Hebrew women to bear, and have looked on the children; if it is a son--then ye have put him to death; and if it is a daughter--then she hath lived.'

17And the midwives fear God, and have not done as the king of Egypt hath spoken unto them, and keep the lads alive;

18and the king of Egypt calleth for the midwives, and saith to them, `Wherefore have ye done this thing, and keep the lads alive?'

19And the midwives say unto Pharaoh, `Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women, for they are lively; before the midwife cometh in unto them--they have borne!'

20And God doth good to the midwives, and the people multiply, and are very mighty;

21and it cometh to pass, because the midwives have feared God, that He maketh for them households;

22and Pharaoh layeth a charge on all his people, saying, `Every son who is born--into the River ye do cast him, and every daughter ye do keep alive.'

Scripture text public domain: KJV (1611) · WEB (2020) · ASV (1901) · YLT (1862).

Ancient Near Eastern Parallels (ANE) How surrounding cultures handled the same themes and events
Tap any underlined verse for its notes. Use edge arrows to flip chapters.
📜 Dead Sea Scrolls
☽ In the Quran
📍 Places
א Word Studies
↔ Cross-References
△ Objects
7 Numbers
📜 Dead Sea Scrolls
☽ Quran
≈ ANE Parallels
♀ Women
Text Size
100%
Font
Options
Verse numbers
Extra spacing